Evaporation deals with the concentration of a non-volatile solute from a solution by the removal of required amount of volatile solvent. Usually the solvent is water. By vaporizing a part of the solvent, useful product i.e. the concentrated solution or thick liquor is produced and the vapours are discarded. Long tube evaporators are usually used for the concentration of foamy liquids. The set-up is consists of two evaporators fitted in series. Each is made up of Stainless Steel tubes surrounded by a Stainless Steel jacket and fitted with accumulator. Dilute solution is feed to the first evaporator. Steam from a steam generator is supplied to evaporator to concentrate the dilute feed solution to a desired level. The jacket is fitted with a steam trap and the condensate is collected at the end of trap. The vapours of volatile solvent produced in first evaporator are supplied to the second evaporator. The vapours of volatile solvent are condensed in a shell & tube type condenser and the balance non-volatile solute is collected in the accumulator.

•An ENGLISH instruction manual consisting of experimental procedures, block diagram etc. will be provided along with the Apparatus.

•The whole set-up is well designed and arranged on a rigid structure painted with industrial PU Pain

Experimentation/Learning Objectives

To concentrate a solution and to evaluate the following at steady state :

•Material and Heat Balance

•Economy and the capacity of the evaporator for different feeding arrangement.

•Overall heat transfer co-efficient.

Utilities Required

•Electricity Supply: 1 Phase, 220 V AC, 50 Hz, 32 amp MCB with earth connection (Earth voltage should be less than 5 volts)

•Water supply: Initial fill and floor drain.

•Floor Area: 2.5 m x 1.0 m

•Air Compressor ½ HP, 2 CFM for compressed air supply.

•Chemicals: Sodium carbonate & distilled water